Gradle 插件深度配置

源：Kotlin Multiplatform Gradle DSL

Kotlin Multiplatform Gradle 插件提供了丰富的配置选项。本文深入讲解如何配置 Native 目标、优化构建、以及常用技巧。

基础配置

多目标配置

// build.gradle.kts
kotlin {
    // Android Native
    androidNativeArm32()
    androidNativeArm64()
    androidNativeX86()
    androidNativeX64()
    
    // iOS
    iosArm64()
    iosX64()
    iosSimulatorArm64()
    
    // macOS
    macosX64()
    macosArm64()
    
    // Linux
    linuxX64()
    linuxArm64()
    
    // Windows
    mingwX64()
}

Source Sets 配置

kotlin {
    sourceSets {
        val commonMain by getting {
            dependencies {
                implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core:1.7.3")
            }
        }
        
        val nativeMain by creating {
            dependsOn(commonMain)
        }
        
        val androidNativeMain by creating {
            dependsOn(nativeMain)
        }
        
        val androidNativeArm64Main by getting {
            dependsOn(androidNativeMain)
        }
    }
}

编译器配置

编译选项

kotlin {
    targets.withType<KotlinNativeTarget> {
        binaries.all {
            // 优化级别
            freeCompilerArgs += "-opt"  // 或 "-opt-in"
            
            // 调试信息
            freeCompilerArgs += "-g"
            
            // 禁用断言
            freeCompilerArgs += "-Xdisable-phases=Devirtualization"
            
            // 内存模型
            freeCompilerArgs += "-Xbinary=memoryModel=experimental"
        }
    }
}

Build Types 配置

kotlin {
    androidNativeArm64 {
        binaries {
            sharedLib("release") {
                baseName = "mylib"
                optimized = true
                freeCompilerArgs += listOf("-opt", "-Xallocator=mimalloc")
            }
            
            sharedLib("debug") {
                baseName = "mylib-debug"
                debuggable = true
                freeCompilerArgs += listOf("-g", "-Xg0")
            }
        }
    }
}

依赖管理

C Interop 依赖

kotlin {
    linuxX64 {
        compilations.getByName("main") {
            cinterops {
                val sqlite by creating {
                    defFile("src/nativeInterop/cinterop/sqlite.def")
                    packageName("sqlite")
                    compilerOpts("-I/usr/include")
                    includeDirs("/usr/include")
                }
                
                val openssl by creating {
                    defFile("src/nativeInterop/cinterop/openssl.def")
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

平台依赖

kotlin {
    sourceSets {
        val linuxX64Main by getting {
            dependencies {
                implementation("org.example:linux-specific:1.0")
            }
        }
        
        val mingwX64Main by getting {
            dependencies {
                implementation("org.example:windows-specific:1.0")
            }
        }
    }
}

任务配置

自定义构建任务

tasks.register("buildAll Native") {
    group = "build"
    description = "Build all native targets"
    
    dependsOn(
        "linkReleaseSharedAndroidNativeArm64",
        "linkReleaseSharedAndroidNativeX64"
    )
}

tasks.register<Copy>("copyNativeLibs") {
    from("build/bin")
    into("../app/src/main/jniLibs")
}

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掌握 Gradle 配置是高效 Native 开发的关键。合理的配置能够显著提升构建速度和产物质量。