CI/CD 集成实战

源：GitHub Actions | GitLab CI

在 CI/CD 环境中高效运行 Gradle 构建，实现自动化测试、构建和发布。

CI/CD 基础概念

什么是 CI/CD

Continuous Integration (CI)：

自动构建
自动测试
快速反馈

Continuous Deployment (CD)：

自动发布
版本管理
部署流程

GitHub Actions

基本构建

.github/workflows/build.yml：

yaml

name: Build

on:
  push:
    branches: [ main, develop ]
  pull_request:
    branches: [ main ]

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      
      - name: Setup JDK
        uses: actions/setup-java@v3
        with:
          distribution: 'temurin'
          java-version: '17'
      
      - name: Setup Gradle
        uses: gradle/gradle-build-action@v2
      
      - name: Build
        run: ./gradlew assembleDebug

优化构建速度

启用缓存：

yaml

- name: Setup Gradle
  uses: gradle/gradle-build-action@v2
  with:
    cache-read-only: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/main' }}

配置构建缓存：

yaml

- name: Build with Cache
  run: ./gradlew build --build-cache --configuration-cache
  env:
    GRADLE_OPTS: -Dorg.gradle.caching=true

运行测试

yaml

- name: Run Unit Tests
  run: ./gradlew test
  
- name: Upload Test Reports
  if: always()
  uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
  with:
    name: test-reports
    path: '**/build/reports/tests/**'

构建多个变体

yaml

strategy:
  matrix:
    variant: [debug, release]

steps:
  - name: Build ${{ matrix.variant }}
    run: ./gradlew assemble${{ matrix.variant }}

GitLab CI

基本配置

.gitlab-ci.yml：

yaml

image: openjdk:17-jdk

variables:
  GRADLE_OPTS: "-Dorg.gradle.daemon=false -Dorg.gradle.caching=true"

before_script:
  - chmod +x gradlew

stages:
  - build
  - test
  - deploy

build:
  stage: build
  script:
    - ./gradlew assembleDebug
  artifacts:
    paths:
      - app/build/outputs/apk/
    expire_in: 1 week

test:
  stage: test
  script:
    - ./gradlew test
  artifacts:
    reports:
      junit: '**/build/test-results/test/TEST-*.xml'

缓存配置

yaml

cache:
  key: ${CI_COMMIT_REF_SLUG}
  paths:
    - .gradle/caches
    - .gradle/wrapper
    - build

构建优化策略

Gradle Daemon

禁用 Daemon（CI 推荐）：

yaml

env:
  GRADLE_OPTS: -Dorg.gradle.daemon=false

并行构建

properties

# gradle.properties
org.gradle.parallel=true
org.gradle.workers.max=4

内存配置

yaml

env:
  GRADLE_OPTS: -Xmx4g -XX:+UseParallelGC

构建缓存

本地缓存：

yaml

- name: Cache Gradle
  uses: actions/cache@v3
  with:
    path: |
      ~/.gradle/caches
      ~/.gradle/wrapper
    key: ${{ runner.os }}-gradle-${{ hashFiles('**/*.gradle*', '**/gradle-wrapper.properties') }}
    restore-keys: |
      ${{ runner.os }}-gradle-

远程缓存：

kotlin

// settings.gradle.kts
buildCache {
    remote<HttpBuildCache> {
        url = uri("https://cache.example.com/cache/")
        isPush = System.getenv("CI") == "true"
        
        credentials {
            username = System.getenv("CACHE_USER")
            password = System.getenv("CACHE_PASS")
        }
    }
}

自动化测试

单元测试

yaml

- name: Run Unit Tests
  run: ./gradlew test
  
- name: Publish Test Report
  uses: mikepenz/action-junit-report@v3
  if: always()
  with:
    report_paths: '**/build/test-results/test/TEST-*.xml'

UI 测试

yaml

- name: Run Instrumented Tests
  uses: reactivecircus/android-emulator-runner@v2
  with:
    api-level: 33
    script: ./gradlew connectedCheck

代码覆盖率

yaml

- name: Generate Coverage Report
  run: ./gradlew jacocoTestReport
  
- name: Upload to Codecov
  uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
  with:
    files: '**/build/reports/jacoco/test/jacocoTestReport.xml'

自动发布

版本管理

使用 Git Tag：

yaml

on:
  push:
    tags:
      - 'v*'

jobs:
  release:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Get Version
        id: version
        run: echo "VERSION=${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/v}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
      
      - name: Build Release
        run: ./gradlew assembleRelease -Pversion=${{ steps.version.outputs.VERSION }}

发布到 GitHub Releases

yaml

- name: Create Release
  uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v1
  with:
    files: |
      app/build/outputs/apk/release/*.apk
      app/build/outputs/bundle/release/*.aab
  env:
    GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

发布到 Maven

yaml

- name: Publish to Maven Central
  run: ./gradlew publishReleasePublicationToOSSRHRepository
  env:
    OSSRH_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.OSSRH_USERNAME }}
    OSSRH_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.OSSRH_PASSWORD }}
    SIGNING_KEY: ${{ secrets.SIGNING_KEY }}
    SIGNING_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.SIGNING_PASSWORD }}

实战案例

案例1：完整的 CI/CD 流程

yaml

name: CI/CD

on:
  push:
    branches: [ main, develop ]
    tags:
      - 'v*'
  pull_request:
    branches: [ main ]

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      
      - name: Setup JDK
        uses: actions/setup-java@v3
        with:
          distribution: 'temurin'
          java-version: '17'
      
      - name: Setup Gradle
        uses: gradle/gradle-build-action@v2
      
      - name: Run Tests
        run: ./gradlew test
      
      - name: Build Debug APK
        run: ./gradlew assembleDebug
      
      - name: Upload APK
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        with:
          name: app-debug
          path: app/build/outputs/apk/debug/*.apk
  
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      
      - name: Setup JDK
        uses: actions/setup-java@v3
        with:
          distribution: 'temurin'
          java-version: '17'
      
      - name: Run UI Tests
        uses: reactivecircus/android-emulator-runner@v2
        with:
          api-level: 33
          script: ./gradlew connectedCheck
  
  release:
    if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
    needs: [build, test]
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      
      - name: Setup JDK
        uses: actions/setup-java@v3
        with:
          distribution: 'temurin'
          java-version: '17'
      
      - name: Build Release
        run: ./gradlew assembleRelease bundleRelease
      
      - name: Sign APK
        uses: r0adkll/sign-android-release@v1
        with:
          releaseDirectory: app/build/outputs/apk/release
          signingKeyBase64: ${{ secrets.SIGNING_KEY }}
          alias: ${{ secrets.ALIAS }}
          keyStorePassword: ${{ secrets.KEY_STORE_PASSWORD }}
          keyPassword: ${{ secrets.KEY_PASSWORD }}
      
      - name: Create Release
        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v1
        with:
          files: |
            app/build/outputs/apk/release/*.apk
            app/build/outputs/bundle/release/*.aab

案例2：多环境部署

yaml

jobs:
  deploy-dev:
    if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop'
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Build Dev
        run: ./gradlew assembleDevDebug
      
      - name: Deploy to Firebase
        uses: wzieba/Firebase-Distribution-Github-Action@v1
        with:
          appId: ${{ secrets.FIREBASE_APP_ID_DEV }}
          token: ${{ secrets.FIREBASE_TOKEN }}
          groups: dev-team
          file: app/build/outputs/apk/dev/debug/app-dev-debug.apk
  
  deploy-prod:
    if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Build Prod
        run: ./gradlew bundleRelease
      
      - name: Deploy to Play Store
        uses: r0adkll/upload-google-play@v1
        with:
          serviceAccountJsonPlainText: ${{ secrets.SERVICE_ACCOUNT_JSON }}
          packageName: com.example.app
          releaseFiles: app/build/outputs/bundle/release/app-release.aab
          track: production

最佳实践

缓存策略：

使用 Gradle Build Action
配置远程构建缓存
仅主分支推送缓存

并行执行：

yaml

strategy:
  matrix:
    task: [assembleDebug, test, lint]

失败快速反馈：

yaml

strategy:
  fail-fast: true

环境隔离：

使用 Secrets 管理凭证
不同环境不同配置
版本号自动化

构建优化：

properties

org.gradle.daemon=false
org.gradle.parallel=true
org.gradle.caching=true
org.gradle.configuration-cache=true

监控和通知：

yaml

- name: Notify Slack
  if: failure()
  uses: 8398a7/action-slack@v3
  with:
    status: ${{ job.status }}
    webhook_url: ${{ secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK }}

CI/CD 集成实战 ​

CI/CD 基础概念 ​

什么是 CI/CD ​

GitHub Actions ​

基本构建 ​

优化构建速度 ​

运行测试 ​

构建多个变体 ​

GitLab CI ​

基本配置 ​

缓存配置 ​

构建优化策略 ​

Gradle Daemon ​

并行构建 ​

内存配置 ​

构建缓存 ​

自动化测试 ​

单元测试 ​

UI 测试 ​

代码覆盖率 ​

自动发布 ​

版本管理 ​

发布到 GitHub Releases ​

发布到 Maven ​

实战案例 ​

案例1：完整的 CI/CD 流程 ​

案例2：多环境部署 ​

最佳实践 ​

CI/CD 集成实战

CI/CD 基础概念

什么是 CI/CD

GitHub Actions

基本构建

优化构建速度

运行测试

构建多个变体

GitLab CI

基本配置

缓存配置

构建优化策略

Gradle Daemon

并行构建

内存配置

构建缓存

自动化测试

单元测试

UI 测试

代码覆盖率

自动发布

版本管理

发布到 GitHub Releases

发布到 Maven

实战案例

案例1：完整的 CI/CD 流程

案例2：多环境部署

最佳实践